Danshui Plant recommand for managemnt accounting perspective Essay Example for Free

Danshui Plant recommand for managemnt accounting perspective EssayDanshui Plant No.2 is facing insufficient information for Wentao Chen, manager of Danshui Plant, to evaluate the performance of their mathematical product for the first quarter of their contract to frame the Apple iPhone4. They were anxious as their target to produced 200,000 units of iPhone per month was unachievable as they could only produce 180,000 of units per month. Wentao Chan had called Jianye ma to need a summary of monthly operations, unfortunately Bingqian Li was uncomfortable with the report. In order to know what really going on, Li wants to prepare the flexible reckon to compare the actual performance to the budget. Use of flexible budget allows the management to yield a control and real time monitoring of business operations.This is because, it is inclined(p) with the different line values for different sales projections. Besides that, it is become useful planning tools and help to react to th e changes more efficiently. Since the company does not have enough information about the shortage of production of iPhone, the company still need to consider the possible causes of the problem. For examples, the problem may ca employ by the weaknesses of the full treatment that is used by the company to produce the iPhone. As we know before this, the plant is used to produce the computer hardware, and now it is used to produce the iPhone.Here, we can foregather that the capacity of the plant is unable to produce the iPhone. Besides, we know that the company need to produce more than 200,000 units of iPhone every month for the rest of 9 months dues to the shortage of the plant to produce the desired quantity of iPhone that being set by the company target, they should upgrade the maintenance of the plant that suits to assemble the iPhone.Besides that, the company can source some of the part of the iPhone from other company so that they could focus on the assembling the process only . By doinfg this, more labor could be assigned to assemble the iPhone and as a result, the amount of production will be lower due to the reducing in labors and material cost. Indirectly, all the material cost in producing the parts will be much lower as it will be taken by the outsource company.Apart from that, the ability or skills of labours inescapably to be enhanced. There is no point if the capacity of the plant can be increase to produces more parts but the labours still assemble the aforementioned(prenominal) amount of the iPhone. Therefore, as a solution, Danshui Plant need to held an speed and short training course that could enhance the skills of their labours in order to achieved the target. As we know that the program might consumed times, but the results will be offend. More labor can be hire and let them to experience such program to perform better than before. The increasement in labor cost will be covered by the material cost that is reduced due to the outsource activity before.

Portrayed in film Essay Example for Free

Portrayed in film EssayThe sociological issue, to be researched is, the representation of the physically challenged in the mass media, concentrating on normal films. Ive decided to use four main stereotypes, which atomic number 18 most common in the media. After reading into Media and Mental illness by The Glasgow Media Group, I became intrigued and started to excogitate on the images portrayed. As I have a physical disability, I thought that I would have a better understanding of my research, and a safe empathy for people who are being portrayed badly. After researching on the Internet, based on the research I developed my hypothesis There will be no physically challenged people portrayed in normal roles, instead they will fit into sensation of the four stereotypes. Contexts and concepts The Broadcasting complaints Commission study showed that in television programmes 7% of persons were change. They showed that disabled people were mostly in broadcast films, drama and soap operas. Langmore (1987) Studied on the different forms of representations of disabled persons, and how the audience reacts to sightedness a disabled person on the television as a pose to an able bodied person.The results show that people generally feel a lot more sympathetic, silly and patronizing towards disabled people. Sheridan in A physical challenge for the media The effects of portrayals of wheel chair users. He says that whilst there are many images of wheelchair users, they are not always accurate or helpful to the disabled community. To portray a wheel chair user in a film is so that they can be used as a dramatic and provocative tool. He states that it is possible to categorise portrayals into four main stereotypes, the pitiful handicapped, the bitter cripple, the inspirational hero and the set dresser.These are the four stereotypes that I have decided look into. This introduces the concept of stereotypes. A stereotype is a one sided, exaggerated and usually prejudicial view of a group. One myth about physically challenged people is that people with disabilities have a poor prototype of life, this is not the case. The stereotypes may have some factual basis, but in most cases are incongruent with reality. Sheridan raises the question that because these portrayals are prevalent, are they an accurate delineate of what goes on in real life situations.He answered, as there is much diversity as there is commonality in the wheelchair community. There is no consensus as to what is accurate. He offers no solution but says that there are advances in advertising, as people in wheelchairs are not seen as disabled but as consumers. He thinks advertisers will continue to add positively to the way society perceives wheelchair users, and that maybe one day we will change our learning from archaic stereotypes to more realistic portrayals.This brings me onto the concept of identity. To acquire a sense of self identity and an image of your self is through social ization. If some body is labelled a specific type of person, it can be said that a social identity has been added to your self. Your social identity will then be seen as a label to show what kind of person you are. Resulting from the label you have now been given, you might start to think you are that type of person.

A Letter To My Past Self English Language Essay

A Letter To My Past Self English Language EssayI might light upon yourself a puss taken back by enounceing reader from your future. I assure you are not being watch by a hidden camera and the but of a joke. I think you leave agree with me, or rather yourself that education is precise important to your, our future. For that reason you are preparing yourself for college. I could tell you who you are vent to meet and what classes you shouldnt take, but that wouldnt fair. What I will tell you is that your field of vision will widen. Your brain will get and you will set out many all righters. To truth of the matter is that you discombobulate the tools to be successful already. These tools will need to be sharped and taken care of a like any other tool in your garage. Of these tools writing is very important, maybe the most important of them all. To understand how to spare is a key that will propel in on the road you will begin on. Through its process and constant evolution, one must embrace writing as an contrivance form and not a chore.Language is a multifaceted tool which we employ to communicate to one some other. Its defined as a systematic fashion of communicating ideas or feelings by the use of conventionalized signs, sounds, gestures, or marks having understood meaning. As the definition suggests its more(prenominal) than just spoken words. Its a direct nod, a thumbs up, a smile, braille, hand movements, etc. Pediatricians describe children as sponges to indicate their ability to learn from their environment. Those of us lucky enough to be raised in a house apply with multiple coatings can have an advantage or disadvantage depending on what we are taught. Institutions such as schools, churches, and the military have their testify set of governing rules and behaviors which shape our minds and therefore also shape our usage of nomenclature. The generates Ive had in life shaped my relationship with language, through empowering and underminin g my search for self-actualization.Growing up in a bilingual family affected my speech development as a child, which lead me to mix the two languages instead of mastering them one at a prison term. The United States is a melting pot of difficult cultures, peoples, religions I believe its what makes this country so great. Even though the United States does not have an official language, English is predominately employ. Of course some might argue that in Florida or Texas, Spanish is more widely used, but thats another topic for another day. Being of Spanish decent can be hard and confusing at times. I am of Puerto Rican decedent and was born here in the States. My stupefy being Puerto Rican and my step-father being Guatemalan had issues with what language I was supposed to be taught first toddler. My step-father said I should learn English first because we lived in America and everyone speaks English. My engender on the other hand cute me to learn Spanish so that I wouldnt forget my roots. As a child hearing my mother mouth Spanish and my father speaking English cramped my communicational development. Thus the language of Spanglish was born. Im sure that Spanglish was being used before I was born, but the point that I was combining both languages to communicate held me back in some areas. I would start a sentence in English and finish my public opinion in Spanish. It wasnt that I was doing it on purpose, but my mind took the easy route to finish my thought. If I couldnt find a word in English for something I wanted to say, I would just find one in Spanish and vice versus. That may have pass watered at home, but it didnt work so surface when my Jewish pre-kindergarten teacher couldnt understand me completely. It wasnt that I was not smart enough to be in her class, or develop enough to be in pre-kindergarten. I knew my ABCs, could count to ten and knew the colors of the rainbow. The Hindering factor was that I knew them in Spanish. My inability to use the English language at that age was going to hold me back in school. I was possibly looking at a disadvantage from the start. My mother was so afraid of the school not accepting me in to kindergarten that a summer of hell awaited me. She stopped talking to me in Spanish and English became the predominate language in my home. Being that I was early days and a sponge, t didnt take me long to learn the English language for my age. I was able to understand and be understood by my English speaking only teachers. That decision that my mom do resulted in another dilemma in my life which I now still deal with.Growing up in a multicultural environment confused me at times and let me to think and believe I was rootless. Am I an American or am I Puerto Rican? Do I feel comfortable speaking Spanish or English? Everyone at school spoke English, my mother in one case schooled started talking to talk to me in only English and no one really talked to me in Spanish besides my cheek grabbing aunts no came to visit everyone formerly in a while. I believed that my roots as my mother put it were slipping away from me. I felt ashamed for a long time because I think I wasnt Hispanic enough or Puerto Rican enough. Having to switch on language the way I did when I was younger put setback in my road for success. To this day I hate spelling and I rather do math. You could say a some people dont like to spell. That is a true statement, but my inability to master one language at time was very confusing. One question that my grandfather asked me repeatedly when I was younger was, How do you say that in Spanish. One instant that I remember, he was referring to my uncles Nintendo. I had asked him if it was alright if I could use the Nintendo in English. Even though he understood what I asking, he was playing a mean trick on me and proofing a point to my parents. He told me that if I could tell him how to say Nintendo in Spanish, then I was allowed to play. I had to ran to my father ask him and he told me Nintendo in English is Nintendo (with a Spanish accent) in Spanish. I felt a bit dumb, but I didnt care at the time because all I wanted to do was play Nintendo. Thinking about that time it was hard for me to have a full conversation with my grandparents without being frustrated. To a degree with was like Malcolm X writing is letters in jail, I know what I wanted say, but I had a hard time saying it in the right language. I eventually took Spanish classes to improve my Spanish speaking skills and talked more with my parents in Spanish to not lose touch with that side of myself.My enlistment in the military was not only culturally noble, but linguistically impacting as well. Ive recently closed a chapter in life, titled The Marine Corps. It was a life altering experience which I befitted from tremendously. It was a culture shock to say the least. I mention this because there were expectations of me which I had no clue of. I was supposed to know these things, abo ut those things, and all that overnight. One of the craziest issues I had was the language. all of my life the floor had been the floor and all of a sudden floor was now the deck. The walls were bulkheads, the windows were portholes and my shirt became my blouse. without delay back on my neighborhood if you were a make fun and you wore a blouse that you played for the other team, by that I mean homosexual. I slowly realized that the Marine Corps was rooted in Naval conventional and the terminology date back to ship life. After a while verything started to make sense, but that doesnt mean it became easier. I was still being yelled at for referring to the deck as the floor while I cleaned it. Another issue in the Marine Corps I had was speaking in the third person. Now that only last for the three months of boot camp if you ever met a Marine and asked him about the longest time of his life, he or she will task say Marine boot camp seemed to never end. I just couldnt understand wh y I needed to say This enter or recruit Perez needs to use the head instead of saying Hey I need to use the bathroom. Again those were just traditions that fitted a purpose. Whenever you spoke incorrectly the Drill Instructors made it a point to correct you with physical fitness, with that being said I was one tough and lean recruit by the end. Besides being judge to perform in boot camp and being held to a standard. The rest of my Marine Corps life was one learning experience after another. I learned that you dont address a Colonial the way you would you home boy back at home in an e-mail. Professionalism is something you need a lot of if you going to survived the arm forces. You are a cut about the rest cream of the crop so that meant if you half ass work wasnt tolerated. Incomplete work, or work poorly accomplish is the same as not doing it at all. Writing professionally wasnt something I was taught, but I learned under fire. I would write an e-mail or a respond to question 3 t o 5 times and had my peers look it over so I wouldnt get in trouble. That would hinder my workload output, but I wasnt being yelled at anymore for not being professional, not it was about not working fast enough. It used to scare me to know that I would have to write an e-mail and 1000 people would read it. I dreaded replies on incorrect grammar or my use of Spanglish. Yes I did use Spanish on a couple of occasion and that they go over so well. With time everything can be accomplished, and my writing skills became better, I do still try to review my work/email/face-book status updates before hitting enter, it just a habit now.My experience with my own culture and cultural language (Spanish), allowed me the understanding needed to embrace the Japanese culture and language. My Marine Corps life has let me different place around the human race and Okinawa, Japan is included in that list. I still remember being picked up from the airport by my superiors and the long drive to base. Its a humbling experience driving around in a different country and seeing a different set of people you arent used to seeing. I was trying to read billboards, street signs, and even the menu off of the McDonalds drive through, but everything was Latin to me. Well it wasnt Latin most likely the signs were in Hiragana, Katakana, or Kanji. Hiragana, Katakana, and Kanji are 3 forms of writing that the Japanese use. My friends and I would go and interact with the people of Okinawa we didnt like staying on base so we explored the island and what it had to offer. It wasnt easy at first, but the Okinawan people were very accepting of us because we at least tried to learn the language. I carried a Romanized dictionary, to be able to say what we were trying to convey. Even though I know that I was order chicken in English, but the Japanese waitress only knew Japanese. My friend, Wesley would come to the rescue on occasion such as those if I took too long in my dictionary. He had a pocket motion -picture show book, which travelers used in different countries to express what that want. He pointed to a picture of chicken and the waitress new exactly what I wanted to order. It amazed me that images can be used to communicate the basic of thoughts. My patience in shrewd that I was guest in Okinawa and that I was the one that couldnt be understood helped me better understand the people and culture of Okinawa, Japan.Language has been my double edge make and that if I used correctly and I acknowledged and understood, but if I am careless and foolish with it and it cut you deep than anything known to man. Of course language isnt something you can pick up and slick through the air, but you can master this invisible tool. I practice when I speak, read, write, sign, and even nodding my head. It is what I do with my experiences it is what I do with I practices that shape my mastery of it. To quote smarter man than I He who controls the language, controls the word. I believe the word word in his quote means my inner being, my inner self. To become my best self, I must be fully aware of who I am and realize I can be more. I will not be a prisoner of my own mind, for it is I that hold myself back or lets myself fly.

Gene Therapy for Haemophiliacs

Gene Therapy for bleeders diseasecsIntroductionThe main goal of concomitantor therapy is to replace a mutating ingredient that causes disease, with a hefty copy of the gene or inserting a new-made gene into the body to help fight the particular disease. In addition, gene therapy is a promising intervention option for a number of diseases such as genic disorders, different types of basiscer and viral diseases. (Samuel Murphy, 2008) N anetheless, the technique is still under tests, for the reason that it stays risky. accord to Professor Nathwani, in that respect is no confirmation of any side effects in patients who already have been treated with gene therapy, still, long-term-follow-up for the adults patients is required before the therapy can be approved for children. Gene therapy is currently scarcely being tested for untreatable diseases. The most ch anyenging one for the gene therapy is Haemophilia. It is yet not accomplished, however there is a evidential progress of improvement. (National program library of Medicine, 2016).Haemophilia is a bleeding disorder resulted from low functional blood levels which slow down the blood change (clotting). Individuals with this condition experience prolonged bleeding during surgery, after a bad injury or even after they had a tooth pulled out. In very a couple of(prenominal) guinea pigs of Haemophilia, prolonged bleeding occurs after minor trauma or in absence of any. In situations like this, bleeding into the brain, joints, or other internal organs could cause serious complications (National Library of Medicine, 2012).Haemophilia overview, diagnosis and treatment optionsThere argon two principle types of Haemophilia A and B. Haemophilia A, addition altogethery called, instrument VIII, is a hereditary disorder caused by the absent or defective factor VIII (clotting protein). (National Haemophilia Foundation, no date). Haemophilia B, likewise, called factor IX (Christmas disease) is a hereditary disord er caused by the absent or defective factor IX (also a clotting protein), approximately 1/3 of the cases, in some(prenominal) types, are caused by a spontaneous change in a gene. The X and Y chromosomes are called sex chromosomes. The haemophilia gene is carried in the X chromosome. Males have XY chromosomes, X from their mother and Y from their father. Females have two X chromosomes, one from their mother and one from their father. In this case, if a boy has haemophilia gene in his X chromosome from his mother, he depart have haemophilia. However, fathers cannot pass haemophilia to their sons. At the point when a female has haemophilia gene on only one of her X chromosomes, implies as a carrier and can only pass the disease to her children. (National Haemophilia Foundation, no date). Haemophilia is more common in males than females. Nowadays, 1 in 5000 males worldwide are born each year with Haemophilia A and approximately 1 in 20 000 with Haemophilia B.(National Library of Medic ine, 2012). The most convenient way to diagnose Haemophilia is to find out if the disease is in the family history, then it would be very possible for the new-born to be infected as well. The other ways to diagnose the disease is to do blood tests to determine any missing clotting factors or low levels, and which ones are make the problem, and DNA test, which is looking for mutations who cause the haemophilia and lastly compare it to the carrier (parents). The main treatment for haemophilia is called replacement therapy (gene therapy), involves injecting missing clotting factor proteins into the affected persons bloodstream. These proteins help to repair normal blood clotting but often the therapy must be repeated frequently (Hemophilia Federation of America, no date).Gene therapys proxOver the past 15 years an empowering data from triple-crown trials on animals and humans have finally resulted incredible accomplishment in patients with severe Haemophilia A and B.Researches from the University College London and St. Jude Childrens Research Hospital organised a team to investigate a potential gene therapy improvement. The investigation was focused on 6 males with severe Haemophilia B. All patients true one-time intravenous infusions of the gene vector at different panes. As indicated by the review, the men were producing clotting factor IX at less than 1% of normal levels. After the gene therapy each patient was tested and the result showed a significant improvement factor IX at between 2% and 11% of normal levels. harmonise to the scientists, gene therapy would enhance the outcomes significantly more after proceeded regular therapy. (National Institutes of Health, 2011).Most recently in 2016 another audition took place, made by BioMarin. The case included 8 patients with severe form of Haemophilia A. The released information was demonstrated that 2 high dose patients had an increased levels of Factor VIII above 50 percent. Every one of the patients re ceived a single dose of BMN 270 (new investigational drug), 6 of whom have been treated at the highest dose of 61013 vg/kg. The full treatment lasted up to four months. After the last observation, according to the researchers, the highest dose levels of experienced increasing Factor VIII ranged between 4 and 60 percent. All high dose patients had a significant improvement. Also, according to the World Federation of Haemophilia, factor levels were variating in the normal ranges. However, there was a brush off problem with some of the patients. BioMarin noticed that some patients had expanded liver enzyme levels (because of the long period of the therapy), prophylactic corticosteroid therapy was given and according to the company, the enzyme levels dropped back to normal. (Ben Adams, 2016).Third significant test included clinical trials managed by Professor Amit Nathwani of University College London and demonstrated an actual hope for haemophilia B patients. In this experiment, each patient received one of three doses of a gene therapy vector to deliver the genetic material for making Factor IX. Factor IX levels increased in all individuals with severe haemophilia B, the following gene therapy remained stable and lasted for more than 4 years. Amazing results and incredible improvement. Moreover, the six patients who received the highest gene therapy dose, remained high blood-clotting protein levels from less than one percent of normal to five or more, which reduced the spontaneous bleeding to 90 percent. According to Professor Nathwani, the unimaginable outcomes permitted the patients to live ordinary life and eventually practice their favourite sport without the need for Factor IX replacement therapy or any daily medication. (New England daybook of Medicine, 2011). The following graphs are showing the gained results from the experimentFigure 1. Factor IX activity after gene transfer (The New England Journal of Medicine, 2014)Figure 2. Number of annual bleed ing episodes (The New England Journal of Medicine, 2014) Both of the graphs are demonstrating the improvement in each patient. Scientists do numerous trials, experiments and researches each day to develop the gene therapy technique. Many evidences of clinical efficacy are currently observed, more work is accomplished and more researches are made. Gene therapy has guaranteed the advantage to those who suffer from Haemophilia, however, this advantage has not been acknowledged yet due to the fact that this field is still young. Although, the majority of the taken experiments and their results are quite encouraging and for the past twenty years numerous trials demonstrated significant improvement in the patients (Christopher Doeing, 2009). Besides, the possibility of gene therapy treatment holds great hopes and has been successfully used to cure some diseases, however, the technique is still under research to make original it will be safe and effective in the future with no life thre atening side effects. It is believed that the gene therapy will lead to patients having rare bleeding episodes or even begin producing their own clotting factor. Therefore, more experiments have to be done and researches should take care for future side effects or inherited disorders (Mark Derewicz, 2015). All the recent examples of severe haemophilia and the incredible improved process toward a cure showed how much potential this technique has. Is it going to be the side by side(p) treatment of choice? In my opinion, yes. The ability to insert a foreign gene into the body, and make it possible to approach a new treatment or the ability to control one of the most dangerous human diseases, is one of the first steps to complete success. According to Jack McCain, in 1990 Dr. Anderson carried the first gene therapy trial and cured a hereditary disease of the immune system in a 4-year-old-girl. Today, the patient is still alive and doing very well. This medical case along with the analys es stated above, prove that gene therapy one day can become a staple of 21st century medicine (Jack McCain, 2005).ConclusionAccording to Graham Templeton, gene therapy researchers have invested decades to develop this amazing technique. Nowadays, gene therapy can be life-changing for many people around the world. For the past 50 years new technologies have been used to control bleeding disorders, however gene therapy offers the possibility of a cure. As stated, gene therapy might be the next sensational husking for a treatment not only for haemophilia but cancer, other inherited disorders or even HIV (Graham Templeton, 2016). For the past few decades scientists had some successful developments such as discovering new treatments, inventing new techniques to investigate particular diseases, however the most important one is to be able to treat untreatable diseases, and according to all the experiments stated above, gene therapy is a promising technique, not only for correcting defect s, but also for treating cancer and other harmful diseases. More work needs to be done before gene therapy can become a treatment of choice and this may take another decade until scientists are completely sure that there will be no harmful effects by choosing this technique as a possible cure of Haemophilia.

Examining Hacking And Cyber Ethics Philosophy Essay

Examining Hacking And Cyber Ethics Philosophy EssayWith technology taking the forefront in communication, terra firma has virtually shrunk Distance and prison term argon no more(prenominal) any hindrances for effective inter natural actions and communications. Internet has so much invaded our day to day lives that without network, we feel we are almost without breadAs any advances bring in good , not so good and bad with it-take auto mobiles, electricity, movies whatever-even the communication technology has its own goods and bads.Hacking is something that has shocked the institution that is so much dependent on the cyber for its day to day affairs, may it be individual corporate or education compasss.Hacking and HackerHacking is an action of trying to chance upon access to a computer or computer network without any effectual authorization 1. The entity who tries the act of hacking is the cyberpunk. The new hacker dictionary defines hacker as belowA person who enjoys explori ng the details of programmable systems and how to stretch their capabilities, as opposed to most users, who prefer to learn only the minimum necessary.One who programs enthusiastically (even obsessively) or who enjoys programming rather than just theorizing about programming.A person capable of appreciating hack value.A person who is good at programming quickly.An expert at a particular program, or one who frequently does work using it or on it.An expert or enthusiast of any kind. One powerfulness be an astronomy hacker, for example.One who enjoys the intellectual challenge of creatively everyplacecoming or circumventing limitations.deprecated A malicious meddler who tries to discover sensitive information by poking around. thus password hacker, network hacker. The correct term for this sense is cracker.Hacker is someone who has an intention to damage a system and hence invades it illegally 2. He or she might invade into the system to exact illegitimate access to resources.As ha cking becomes easier, a vulnerable computer will be the earlier target. Hacker incessantly tries to hide his or her identity for launching attacks on the master(prenominal) site, which is popularly more secure. The attack is made with an intention of gaining control of the targeted system so that the hacker can execute, edit or delete any file on the users directory. This is achieved generally by gaining access to the super-user account. This helps the hacker hide his presence and provides him maximum license to access the data. Software bugs are generally used in the attacks which give the hacker super-user status.Ethics and Cyber EthicsThat offshoot of art which looks with wonder at the marvels and mysteries of the world is philosophy. It leads to life with passion, moral and intellectual integrity. Socrates had once stated the unexamined life is not worth living. In philosophy. Everything related to life is critically and comprehensively inquired in to. The branch of philoso phy that deals with how we ought to live, with the ideas as to what is right and wrong, and with idea of Good is morality 3.The field of ethics that examines legal, moral and social issues in the use and development of cyber technology is cyber ethics 4. A broad spectrum of technologies that range from standalone computers to a cluster of network computing, information and communication technologies is referred to as cyber technology. Computer ethics has been the general usage term for cyber ethics until recently. Computer ethics however suggests the study of ethical issues associated primarily with computing profession or computing machines. Cyber ethics however attempts to address ethical issues that are more wider and deeper. Other terminologies like internet ethics or information ethics are in use hardly cyber ethics has wider coverage than internet ethics.1.3 Legal and Illegal HackingThe informal trespassing into a computer is termed as hacking by many plurality. Hacking in general has formed a gist of fracture into computers 5. The term hacking clouds ethical and legal complexities of law that administrates use of computers. Some hacking is legal and valuable while some are illegal and destructive. Learning the way to get access is legal while using this information to access the system and misuse it is illegal hacking. It is very important to understand the difference between legal and illegal hacking. This could be understood considering an example. For example, the security researcher of the system will learn a number of ways to get into the system without authorization. While attainment this information is not illegal, using the information to access a system unauthorisedly is illegal. An action can be considered legal or illegal based on the scenario and the access and authorisation for the particular scenario.1.4 respectable TheoriesEthical issues are based on morals which are subjective. The ethical theories offer direction for the moral c ompend to be made. These are the scientific theories that provide the framework for the analysis of moral issues.We may look into ethical theories relevant to the case in hand.1.4.1 Consequence ground ethical theories (consequentialism)Consequence based theories judge actions based on results. Proponents of these theories assume that certain state of affairs are recrudesce than many others. Actions that lead to better state for maximum number of people are better actions. In simple words, an action that makes the world better is a good action and that worsens the world is bad. Hence here, result is most important.Three subdivisions of consequentialism emerge based on who is gain grounded by the actionEthical Egoism an action is morally right if the consequences of that action are more favorable than unfavorable only to the agent performing the action.Ethical Altruism an action is morally right if the consequences of that action are more favorable than unfavorable to everyone exce pt the agent.Utilitarianism an action is morally right if the consequences of that action are more favorable than unfavorable to everyone.(QuoteIEP)Types of UtilitarianismTwo types of Utilitarianism are there that is to say Act Utilitarianism and Rule Utilitarianism. Under Act Utilitarianism, an action is considered good or bad based on its consequences while under Rule Utilitarianism, a enter or rule of conduct is more unobjectionable if the consequences of it are beneficial than not beneficial to every one. For ex. If one steals, it may be beneficial to him but not to all. So the rule is not to steal.Intended ConsequentialismIntended consequentialism is a consequence based ethical theory. Here, intended consequence is given importance over actual consequence in judging an action.1.4.2 Duty Based ethical theoriesDuty based ethics is otherwise called deontological theory. Deon is a Greek word meaning necessary, binding, obligatory. Immanuel Kant is the main proponent of this theo ry. It gives importance to sticking to ones commerce and commandment rather than the consequences. When most stick to Deontological principles, naturally, consequences will be good. The focus is on duty and principle and not on consequences.An other famous philosopher W.D. Ross who supported Kants theory, summarized basic duties as belowDuty of beneficence A duty to help other people (increase pleasure, improve character)Duty of non-maleficence A duty to avoid harming other people.Duty of justice A duty to ensure people get what they deserve.Duty of self-reformation A duty to improve ourselves.Duty of reparation A duty to recompense someone if you have acted wrongly towards them.Duty of gratitude A duty to benefit people who have benefited us.Duty of promise-keeping A duty to act according to explicit and implicit promises, including the implicit promise to tell the truth.(M2)Character based Ethical TheoriesCharacter based virtue ethics is also called Virtue ethics. These theories are mostly based on Aristolephilosophy. Here, individuals character takes prime place over duty or consequence, in contrast Deontology and Consequentialism respectively. Here, the tenet is once the person has strong value system which has stabilized, he would be conscious of what is wrong and what is right, what are his duties to his children, family, corporation and his master, so, action taken by such persons tend to have good consequences only. An ethical individual is therefore necessarily disposed to do good things acceptable to himself and for society.1.5 Role of software/Hardware/Application EngineersHacking has become a threat to modern world which is over dependent on information technology. It is easier done than verbalize that, as you keep your valuable protected in house against thieves and robbers by locking the almirah or the house or safe keeping in banks or covering by insurance. As we use lot of IT services through public domains and distant server based technolo gies, the risks are even more. Professionals in the field can do their bit based on their knowledge and experience to reduce damages by hacking.ObjectivesThe objectives of this case study areHighlight the main critical issues that this case brings out light and to critically apply consequence-based, Duty-based and character-based ethical theories to discuss whether the FBI were correct in attempting to capture and prosecute Mitnick.Briefly discuss the general of asoftware/hardware/application engineer in terms of the use dof their knowledge and expertise in regard to hacking.Facts of the caseWhile dealing with the case in hand from the point of the objectives of the case study, we have to critically observe the facts from the following angles.Actions of Mitnick that are subject of ethical and moral nature

High-tech Snooping Threatens Our Privacy :: Free Argumentative Essays

High-tech Snooping Threatens Our Privacy The Fourth Amendment of the United States Constitution statesThe right of the people to be secure in their persons ho employments, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized. The Fourth Amendment values privacy in the nucleotide and protects peoples privacy from unlawful search and invasion.This topic interests me because I am concerned about the recent use of thermal mental imagery and the ways it could be used to invade the average citizens privacy. Thermal vision devices allows police to view heat as a discernible light image. When police use this technique as a means of gathering evidence before a warrant is obtained, it can be give tongue to to violate our guaranteed Fourth Amendment rights under the Constitutio n. In the recent Supreme Court case, Kyllo v. United Sates, the Supreme Court held that police use of a thermal imaging device to scan a suspects residence violated his right under the Fourth Amendment. The decision had reversed a federal appeals court ruling purpose the scan lawful (Is warrantless?).In the case cited, police suspected Kyllo was growing marijuana in his home. They used a thermal imaging device from crossways the street to scan Kyllos home to see if the level of heat escaping from it was consistent with high-intensity lights used to grow marijuana indoors. The result of the scan showed that portions of Kyllos home were relatively risque compared to the rest of his home. Using the result of the scan, as well as other information, police obtained a warrant to search Kyllos home, and found a marijuana-growing operation in their search.When the trial court refused to suppress the evidence, Kyllo appealed to the federal court and challenged the legality of the search, saying a search warrant should have been obtained prior to using the thermal imaging device. Law-enforcement officials argued that a warrant was not required before a using technological surveillance device that merely records information about a home that is exposed to public view.The federal appeals court affirmed the trial courts decision, finding that Kyllo had no subjective expectation of privacy because he did not try to cover the heat escaping from his home. Even if he had, the appeals court said, there was no objectively reasonable expectation of privacy because the thermal imager did not expose any outline details of Kyllos life, only vague hot spots on his homes exterior.

Laura Secord :: essays research papers

Laura Secord was originally an American. She was born in Massachusetts on September 13, 1775. Her father was Thomas Ingersoll. He was a major in the American army. They were well known because Lauras father was a clever man. In her family there were inventors, mechanics, merchants, magistrates, teachers and soldiers. Laura had three sisters. When she was eight her mother had died and her father had g ane off to war, so Laura had to emotional state after them. by and by two old age or so Lauras father married someone else. A month later she got ill and died. Three years later he remarried a woman named Sarah Whiting. After Thomas Ingersoll became a young Republican and saw excessive violence in Massachusetts, he move his family to Upper Canada. When Laura was eighteen they moved again to Bustling Port, which is near the Niagara River below the falls. After Laura had moved there she met a young man named mob Secord. After dating for a long period of time, James asked Laura to mar ry him. They married in 1797 at the Church of England. They were very wealthy. Laura was a big help to James in his business since she came from such an affluent family. By 1812, the Secords had five children, two servants, a small pleasant house and a wealthy store. When they first got married, they lived in St. Davids and after being married for a while they moved to Queenston. Laura did not work but James was a Merchant. Life was good for Laura, James and their family, and it seemed the in store(predicate) held nothing but happiness. On June 18, 1812, war was officially declared. It was Great Britain with the Native Americans against the United States. Queenston and Niagara Falls were long awaiting the attack of the US forces from across the Niagara River. James had already left to fight in the battle in which Sir Isaac Brock was killed. After Laura found out that her husband was missing, she went to Queenston Heights to search among the dead and wounded. James was there with g unfire wounds to his knee and shoulder. After his wounds were dressed, enemy soldiers demanded food and stay at the Secord homestead. The Niagara Peninsula became a hostile territory. Lieutenant James FitzGibbons special force of fifty men and one hundred and fifty Indians were stationed at Fort George, the present-day Niagara-On-The-Lake.